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This article is the second in our series about the unique history behind paint colours click here for the first article.
Peter Paul Rubens imagines this scene in his painting Hercules' Dog Discovers Purple Dye. Julius Pollux, a Roman mythographer, says the dye was discovered by the philosopher Heracles of Tyre when he noticed his dog's mouth was stained purple after chewing snails. Only the Roman emperor was permitted to wear Tyrian purple by the fourth century C.E. The dye was used to colour fabric items, and came in various shades from pink, red, rose and scarlet, but according to the Roman author Pliny, the most prized shade was a black-tinted clotted blood shade that gleamed when held to the light. Production began as early as 1200 BCE by the Phoenicians passed their skills on to the Greeks and Romans. Vincent Van Gogh used a combination of Indian yellow with zinc yellow to paint the moon in his work, The Starry Night. It is believed the process was outlawed in 1908 however, Indian yellow was commercially unavailable circa 1921. Paint manufacturers buy this soft greenish-yellow ball to extract the yellow colour and mix it with oil or water to create the paint solution. The yellow precipitate is strained through a cloth and the collected sediment is shaped into a ball and dried further. The heat encourages the precipitation of the yellow component from the water. The urine is collected in earthen pots and placed over a fire. The cattle's unhealthy and restrictive diet of mango leaves and water increases the bile pigment and turns the urine bright yellow. In his article, Mukharji observes a sect of gwalas (men who tend to cattle), reportedly the only manufacturers of this product. He was employed by India's Department of Revenue and Agriculture and published his firsthand account of the manufacture of Indian yellow in the Journal of the Society of Arts. A 1883 account by Trailokya Nath (T.N.) Mukharji gives us insight into the paint's origin. Indian yellow paint is a warm, vibrant yellow pigment made from the urine of cows that are fed exclusively on mango leaves.
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